Why Do Many People Stop Taking GLP-1 Medications for Obesity?
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Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) medications have become popular tools in managing obesity. These drugs, like semaglutide and liraglutide, help people lose weight and improve health. But despite their benefits, many people stop taking them within months. A recent study from Ireland explored why this happens and what can be done to support patients better.
What Are GLP-1 Medications?
GLP-1 receptor agonists are a type of medicine that helps people with obesity control their weight. They work by reducing hunger, slowing digestion, and sometimes improving blood sugar. Many people using these medications see meaningful weight loss, especially when combined with lifestyle changes like better diet and regular exercise.
What Did the Study Find?
The study included 350 adults receiving care at two obesity clinics in Ireland. All patients had started taking GLP-1 medications between July 2021 and March 2023. On average, people stayed on treatment for about 707 days (almost two years), but half of the patients eventually stopped using the medication.
For those who continued treatment, 84.5% lost at least 5% of their body weight, and nearly 40% lost over 15%. On the other hand, people who stopped treatment had lower success rates, with only 13% losing more than 15% of their weight.
Why Do People Stop Taking These Medications?
Researchers interviewed 83 patients who had stopped their medication and found several reasons:
1. Side Effects (36%)
The most common reason was side effects, mostly related to the stomach and digestion. These included nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. These effects often occur early in treatment and may improve with time or dose adjustment.
2. Logistical Issues (24%)
Many patients had trouble attending follow-up appointments or getting prescriptions. Some moved to a different location, had busy work schedules, or lacked access to transportation.
3. Cost (23%)
In Ireland, these medications are not covered by public insurance. Patients had to pay about €150 per month, which was a major barrier for some.
4. Medication Supply (11%)
Shortages of GLP-1 drugs were another problem. If patients could not find the medicine in pharmacies, they had to stop.
5. Dissatisfaction With Results (7%)
A few people did not see the weight loss they hoped for and felt disappointed with the results, which led them to stop treatment.
Why Adherence Matters
Staying on medication leads to better results. People who continued treatment lost more weight and were more likely to reach their health goals. The study showed that those who stuck with treatment had a 5% higher average weight loss than those who stopped.
Unfortunately, only about 10% to 25% of people continue obesity medications for longer than 90 days in real-world settings. Improving this requires more than just prescribing a drug. It also means offering support, education, and tools to help patients manage side effects, stay motivated, and overcome barriers.
What Can Be Done to Improve Adherence?
Better Side Effect Management
Doctors can start patients on a low dose and increase it slowly. This helps reduce stomach-related side effects. Patients should also know what to expect and how to manage symptoms if they arise.
More Convenient Access
Telemedicine and digital check-ins can help reduce the need for in-person visits. This makes it easier for people with busy lives or transportation issues to stay on track.
Cost Support
If possible, insurance coverage or financial assistance can help patients continue treatment. Even discounts or patient programs may make a difference.
Ongoing Follow-up and Encouragement
Regular communication with healthcare providers helps patients feel supported. Checking progress, answering questions, and giving encouragement can improve motivation and reduce dropouts.
Clear Expectations
Setting realistic weight loss goals and explaining how the medication works can help avoid disappointment. Patients should understand that long-term lifestyle changes are also important.
Final Thoughts
GLP-1 medications are powerful tools for people living with obesity, but many stop using them too soon. Understanding the reasons behind this can help doctors and patients work together for better results. With the right support, more people can stay on treatment and improve their health over the long term.