Motivation for Physical Activity in Adolescents with Obesity
Share
Motivation plays a key role in turning the intention to exercise into a regular habit. For adolescents with obesity, understanding what drives them to be active can help create programs that actually work and last over time. A recent study explored the types of motivation that influence participation in physical activity programs and how these are linked to body composition.
Intrinsic vs Extrinsic Motivation
Motivation can be broadly classified into two types. Intrinsic motivation comes from enjoying the activity itself, like finding it fun or feeling a sense of achievement. Extrinsic motivation comes from outside factors, like wanting to improve appearance, fitness, or social approval. Both can influence behavior, but they work in different ways.
What the Study Found
In the study, 50 adolescents aged 12 to 17 with obesity took part in a physical activity program. Researchers measured their height, weight, body composition, and reasons for participating. They looked at five motivation areas: enjoyment, competence, appearance, fitness, and social interaction.
The most common reason for joining was fitness, followed by appearance, enjoyment, competence, and lastly social reasons. This means that many joined the program to improve their physical condition rather than for fun or socializing.
Interestingly, enjoyment and competence showed a link to lower body weight. On the other hand, fitness motivation was the only factor that clearly predicted a lower BMI score over time. This suggests that while fitness goals can get adolescents started, enjoyment and a sense of skill may help them maintain progress.
Why Social Motivation Was Low
Social reasons were the least important for most participants. This could be because many adolescents with obesity feel uncomfortable in group exercise settings due to fear of judgment. Creating supportive and inclusive environments might help change this and make group activities more appealing.
Practical Tips for Parents and Professionals
- Start with Fitness Goals – Since many adolescents are motivated by improving their fitness, programs can highlight benefits like increased energy, better endurance, and strength.
- Build Enjoyment – Make activities fun and varied to help develop intrinsic motivation, which supports long-term participation.
- Focus on Competence – Help participants set achievable goals and celebrate small wins to build confidence.
- Create Safe Social Spaces – Reduce fear of judgment by fostering inclusive, friendly environments in group sessions.
- Blend Motivations – Use extrinsic reasons like fitness to get started, but shift focus toward enjoyment and skill-building to keep the habit going.
Final Thoughts
For adolescents with obesity, both intrinsic and extrinsic motivations matter. Fitness and appearance may get them moving, but enjoyment and competence are linked to healthier body weights and long-term success. The best programs combine these elements, supporting not only physical health but also confidence and well-being