Physical Therapy vs Steroid Injections for Knee Pain: What Works Better?
Share
Knee pain from osteoarthritis or a torn meniscus is a common issue, especially as we age. But what’s the best treatment? A recent study published in BMC Medicine compared two popular approaches: physical therapy and glucocorticoid (steroid) injections. The results offer clear guidance for anyone struggling with chronic knee discomfort.
Understanding the Problem
A meniscal tear is a common knee injury where the cartilage in the knee gets damaged. Combined with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) — a condition where the knee joint wears down over time — this can cause significant pain and limit daily activities like walking, climbing stairs, or standing for long periods.
Traditionally, many doctors have treated these conditions with steroid injections, which reduce inflammation and provide short-term pain relief. However, physical therapy — especially exercises that strengthen the muscles around the knee and improve balance — has gained attention as a more holistic, long-term solution.
The Study: What Was Done?
Researchers enrolled 273 people aged 50 to 70 who had both KOA and a confirmed meniscal tear. Half received physical therapy, which included strengthening and balance exercises, along with kinesiology taping. The other half received glucocorticoid injections directly into the knee joint, up to three times over one year.
The Results: Physical Therapy Came Out on Top
After one year, people who did physical therapy had:
- Less pain: Their pain scores dropped significantly more than those in the injection group.
- Better knee function: They could move more easily and reported fewer daily difficulties.
- Improved balance: This reduces the risk of falls and further injuries.
- Higher quality of life: Based on standard health surveys, they felt better overall.
Meanwhile, the steroid injection group had only modest improvements. Plus, some experienced side effects like allergic reactions or increased joint stiffness.
Why Does Physical Therapy Work So Well?
The success of physical therapy lies in its approach. It doesn’t just mask pain — it strengthens the muscles around the knee, improves joint stability, and boosts body awareness and balance. These benefits lead to better movement and reduce the chances of further joint damage.
What Should You Do If You Have Knee Pain?
If you’re dealing with knee pain from osteoarthritis or a meniscal tear, here’s some practical advice:
- Try physical therapy first, especially if surgery isn't urgent.
- Stay consistent: Exercises need to be done regularly for lasting results.
- Talk to your doctor about combining kinesiology taping and balance training.
- Be patient: Physical therapy may take time but offers long-term benefits.
The Bottom Line
While steroid injections may offer quick relief, physical therapy provides a safer, more effective, and longer-lasting solution for people with knee osteoarthritis and meniscal tears. If you want to reduce pain, move better, and improve your quality of life — physical therapy might just be your best bet.